Radiotherapy For Cancer Treatment

What Is Radiotherapy?

Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy or damage cancer cells. It works by targeting the DNA of these cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. Over time, the damaged cancer cells die and are naturally eliminated by the body.

There are two main types:

• External beam radiotherapy (EBRT): Delivered from outside the body using machines like linear accelerators.

• Internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy): Radioactive material is placed inside or near the tumor site.

When Is Radiotherapy Used?

Radiation therapy may be recommended in the following scenarios:

• As a primary treatment: To cure or shrink early-stage cancer

• Before surgery (neoadjuvant): To reduce tumor size

• After surgery (adjuvant): To kill remaining cancer cells

• To relieve symptoms: Especially in advanced stages (palliative care)

It’s used in treating cancers such as breast, prostate, cervical, lung, brain, and rectal cancers, among others.

What to Expect During Treatment

A typical radiotherapy session is:

• Painless and non-invasive

• Usually lasts 10–30 minutes

• Repeated 5 days a week for several weeks, depending on the cancer type and stage

Patients are carefully positioned, and radiation is precisely targeted to avoid harming healthy tissues.

Side Effects and Risks

While radiotherapy is generally safe, side effects can occur based on the area being treated, such as:

• Fatigue

• Skin irritation or burns

• Hair loss (only in treated areas)

• Nausea or changes in appetite

• Localized pain or discomfort

Long-term risks are rare but may include damage to nearby healthy tissues or secondary cancers which is why treatment planning is highly personalized.

Real-Life Impact

For many cancer patients, radiotherapy is a lifesaving or life-extending option. When combined with other treatments, it can greatly improve survival rates and quality of life. It is especially beneficial in reducing pain and improving comfort for patients with inoperable tumors.

Cost and Accessibility

In India, radiotherapy can be expensive ranging from ₹30,000 to ₹2,00,000+ depending on the number of sessions and hospital. For many patients, crowdfunding platforms like GoLife Span, Milaap, and Ketto are essential tools to afford this treatment, especially when insurance coverage is limited.

Radiotherapy is a vital pillar in modern cancer care. While the journey can be challenging, awareness about treatment options, expected outcomes, and financial support mechanisms can empower patients and families to take informed steps.

If you know someone undergoing cancer treatment, your support emotional, informational, or financial can make all the difference.